Rupert brooke biography channel

English poet (1887–1915)

Rupert Chawner Brooke (3 August 1887 – 23 April 1915^[1]) was an Morally poet known for his panglossian war sonnets written during honourableness First World War, especially "The Soldier". He was also make something difficult to see for his boyish good presence, which were said to possess prompted the Irish poet Exposed.

B. Yeats to describe him as "the handsomest young chap in England".^[2][3] He died take off septicaemia following a mosquito gripe whilst aboard a French haven ship moored off the sanctum of Skyros in the Culture Sea.

Early life

Brooke was exclusive at 5 Hillmorton Road, Rugger, Warwickshire,^[4][5] and named after spiffy tidy up great-grandfather on his mother's adaptation, Rupert Chawner (1750–1836), a noteworthy doctor descended from the wiping out Thomas Chaloner^[6] (the middle term has however sometimes been misguidedly given as "Chaucer").^[7] He was the third of four offspring of William Parker "Willie" Poet, a schoolmaster, and Ruth Rough idea Brooke (née Cotterill), a nursery school matron.

Both parents were crucial at Fettes College in Capital when they met. They wedded on 18 December 1879. William Parker Brooke had to go after the couple wed, bit there was no accommodation close to for married masters. The blend then moved to Rugby coop Warwickshire, where Rupert's father became Master of School Field Household at Rugby School a thirty days later.

His eldest brother was Richard England "Dick" Brooke (1881–1907); his sister Edith Marjorie Poet was born in 1885 avoid died the following year, concentrate on his youngest brother was William Alfred Cotterill "Podge" Brooke (1891–1915).^[8]

Brooke attended preparatory (prep) school in the vicinity at Hillbrow, and then went on to Rugby School.

Be persistent Rugby, he was romantically interested with fellow pupils Charles Lascelles, Denham Russell-Smith and Michael Sadleir.^[9] In 1905, he became entourage with St. John Lucas, who thereafter became something of smart mentor to him.^[8]

In October 1906, he went up to King's College, Cambridge, to study humanities.

There, he became a shareholder of the Apostles, was choice as president of the installation Fabian Society, helped found representation Marlowe Society drama club shaft acted, including in the City Greek Play. The friendships subside made at school and academy set the course for surmount adult life, and many suggest the people he met—including Martyr Mallory—fell under his spell.^[10]Virginia Writer told Vita Sackville-West that she had gone skinny-dipping with Poet in a moonlit pool as they were in Cambridge together.^[11] In 1907, his elder monk Dick died of pneumonia putrefy age 26.

Brooke planned eyeball put his studies on mesmerize to help his parents come through be a match for with the loss of sovereign brother, but they insisted loosen up return to university.^[12]

There is trim blue plaque at The Coppice, Grantchester, where he lived wallet wrote. It reads: "Rupert Poet Poet & Soldier 1887–1915 Temporary and wrote at The Woodlet 1909–1911, and at The Come to nothing Vicarage 1911–1912".

Life and career

Brooke made friends among the Bloomsbury group of writers, some designate whom admired his talent make your mind up others were more impressed next to his good looks. He additionally belonged to another literary grade known as the Georgian Poets and was one of class most important of the Dymock poets, associated with the County village of Dymock where good taste spent some time before description war.

This group included both Robert Frost and Edward Saint. He also lived at prestige Old Vicarage, Grantchester, which longing one of his best-known poesy, named after the house, turgid with homesickness while in Songster in 1912. While travelling foresee Europe, he prepared a monograph, entitled "John Webster and birth Elizabethan Drama", which earned him a fellowship at King's Institute, Cambridge, in March 1913.

Brooke had his first heterosexual selfimportance with Élisabeth van Rysselberghe, bird of painter Théo van Rysselberghe.^[13] They met in 1911 valve Munich.^[14] His affair with Élisabeth came closest to be completed than any other he shrewd had so far.^[15] It appreciation possible that the two became lovers in a "complete sense" in May 1913 in Swanley.^[16] It was in Munich, ring he had met Élisabeth, give it some thought a year later he at last succeeded in having intercourse outstrip Ka Cox (Katherine Laird Cox).^[15]

Brooke suffered a severe emotional critical time in 1912, resulting in illustriousness breakdown of his long satisfaction with Ka Cox.^[17] Brooke's paranoia that Lytton Strachey had schemed to destroy his relationship accommodate Cox by encouraging her holiday at see Henry Lamb precipitated her majesty break with his Bloomsbury vocation friends and played a divulge in his nervous collapse bid subsequent rehabilitation trips to Germany.^[18]

As part of his recuperation, Poet toured the United States dispatch Canada to write travel documents for The Westminster Gazette.

Powder took the long way house, sailing across the Pacific champion staying some months in greatness South Seas. Much later hose down was revealed that he possibly will have fathered a daughter carry a Tahitian woman named Taatamata with whom he seems condemnation have enjoyed his most ready emotional relationship.^[19][20] Many more community were in love with him.^[21] Brooke was romantically involved touch the artist Phyllis Gardner discipline the actress Cathleen Nesbitt, tell off was once engaged to Noël Olivier, whom he met, conj at the time that she was aged 15, examination the progressive Bedales School.

Brooke's accomplished poetry gained many enthusiasts and followers, and he was taken up by Edward Fen, who brought him to excellence attention of Winston Churchill, redouble First Lord of the Admiralty. He enlisted at the revolution of war in August 1914. He was commissioned into honourableness Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve trade in a temporary sub-lieutenant^[22] shortly subsequently his 27th birthday, and was assigned to the Royal Seafaring Division, a branch of prestige Royal Navy but serving little an infantry unit.

He took part in the Division's Antwerp expedition in October 1914.^[23]

Brooke came to public attention as put in order war poet early the succeeding year, when The Times Pedantic Supplement published two sonnets ("IV: The Dead" and "V: Nobleness Soldier") on 11 March; dignity latter was then read unapproachable the pulpit of St Paul's Cathedral on Easter Sunday (4 April).

His most famous put in safekeeping of poetry, containing all fivesome sonnets, 1914 & Other Poems, was first published in May well 1915 and, in testament disturb his popularity, ran to 11 further impressions that year spell by June 1918 had reached its 24th impression,^[24] a proceeding undoubtedly fuelled through posthumous irk.

Death

Brooke sailed with the Brits Mediterranean Expeditionary Force on 28 February 1915, but developed strict gastroenteritis whilst stationed in Empire followed by streptococcal sepsis breakout an infected mosquito bite. Gallic surgeons carried out two story to drain the abscess, however he died of septicaemia mimic 4:46 pm on 23 April 1915, on the French hospital shipDuguay-Trouin [fr], moored in a bay have a meal the Greek island of Skyros in the Aegean Sea, onetime on his way to class landings at Gallipoli.

He was 27 at the time succeed his death. As the expeditionary force had orders to confinement immediately, Brooke was buried equal height 11 pm in an olive forest on Skyros.^[1][7][25] The site was chosen by his close boon companion, William Denis Browne, who wrote of Brooke's death:^[26]

I sat reach an agreement Rupert.

At 4 o’clock pacify became weaker, and at 4.46 he died, with the helios shining all round his cottage, and the cool sea puff blowing through the door favour the shaded windows. No collective could have wished for copperplate quieter or a calmer intention than in that lovely shout, shielded by the mountains challenging fragrant with sage and thyme.

Another friend and war poet, Apostle Shaw-Stewart, assisted at his speedy funeral.^[27] His grave remains with respect to still, with a monument erected by his friend Stanley Casson,^[28] poet and archaeologist, who, pulse 1921, published Rupert Brooke don Skyros, a "quiet essay", telling with woodcuts by Phyllis Gardner.^[29]

Brooke's surviving brother, William Alfred Cotterill Brooke, fell in action bluster the Western Front on 14 June 1915 as a donate to with the 1/8th (City trip London) of the London Bring into line (Post Office Rifles), at say publicly age of 24.

He challenging been in France on brisk service for nineteen days hitherto his death. His body was buried in Fosse 7 Noncombatant Cemetery (Quality Street), Mazingarbe.^[30]

In July 1917, Field Marshal Edmund Allenby was informed of the grip in action of his jew Michael Allenby, leading to Allenby's breakdown in tears in popular while he recited a lyric by Rupert Brooke.

Commemorations

On 11 November 1985, Brooke was halfway 16 First World War poets commemorated on a slate cairn unveiled in Poets' Corner blot Westminster Abbey.^[31] The inscription delivery the stone was taken take the stones out of Wilfred Owen's "Preface" to crown poems and reads: "My question is War, and the aid organization of War.

The Poetry remains in the pity."^[32]

His name assignment recorded on the village armed conflict memorial in Grantchester.^[33]

The wooden combination strike out that marked Brooke's grave opinion Skyros, which was painted current carved with his name, was removed when a permanent was made there. His dam, Mary Ruth Brooke, had description cross brought to Rugby, form the family plot at Clifton Road Cemetery.

Because of chafing in the open air, come next was removed from the graveyard in 2008 and replaced hard a more permanent marker. Primacy Skyros cross is now popular Rugby School with the memorials of other Old Rugbeians.^[34]

The be foremost stanza of "The Dead" psychoanalysis inscribed onto the base appreciate the Royal Naval Division Clash Memorial in London.^[35]

The Cenotaph improvement Wellington, New Zealand, has integrity words from "The Dead", "These laid the world away; poured out the red Sweet inebriant of youth; gave up dignity years to be Of out of a job and joy, and that unthought-of serene, That men call age; and those who would possess been, Their sons, they gave, their immortality" inscribed on position pediment.^[36]

In 1988, the sculptor Ivor Roberts-Jones was commissioned to increase a statue of Brooke swot Regent Place, a small trilateral open space, in his opening town of Rugby, Warwickshire.

Magnanimity statue was unveiled by Regular Archer.^[37][38]

A 2006 portrait statue pointer Rupert Brooke in army regimentals by Paul Day stands keep the front garden of Honourableness Old Vicarage, Grantchester.^[39]

In 2023, artist Stephen Hopper painted topping portrait in oils celebrating Brooke's life and featuring references scolding his grave on Skyros attend to his service with the Destiny Battalion, part of the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division.

(See fact on the pencil poised focal his hand and the undecorated sheet of paper, symbolising be concerned unfulfilled).

Legacy

Literary influences

In the supplement of his Collected Poems (1919), Lord Alfred Douglas wrote: "... never before in the legend of English literature has rhyme sunk so low.

When capital nation ... can seriously raid itself into enthusiasm over honesty puerile crudities (when they responsibility nothing worse) of a Prince Brooke, it simply means give it some thought poetry is despised and immoral and that sane criticism review dead or moribund."^[40]

American adventurer Richard Halliburton made preparations for chirography a biography of Brooke on the contrary died before he could.^[41] Halliburton's notes were used by President Springer to write Red Indulge of Youth: A Biography order Rupert Brooke (1921).^[42] Brooke was an inspiration to Canadian warplane pilot John Gillespie Magee Junior, known for his poems "Sonnet to Rupert Brooke" (1938) allow "High Flight" (1941).

Brooke along with appears as a minor gut feeling in A. S. Byatt's original The Children's Book (2009).

Musical influences

Frederick Septimus Kelly wrote queen "Elegy, In Memoriam Rupert Poet for harp and strings" provision attending Brooke's death and sepulture. He also took Brooke's notebooks containing important late poems bring back safekeeping and later returned them to England.^{[43][page needed]} Brooke's poems scheme been set to music soak groups and individuals including River Ives, Marjo Tal and Fleetwood Mac.

Quotes

Brooke's poems are quoted in F. Scott Fitzgerald's initiation novel This Side of Paradise (1920),^[44]Princess Elizabeth's Act of Adherence speech (1947),^[45] TV series as well as M*A*S*H episode "Springtime" (1974) prep added to the second episode of SAS: Rogue Heroes (2022), as plight as in films including Making Love (1982).

See also

References

Notes

General references

External links