Jalal ad din rumi biography video

Sufi scholar and poet (1207–1273)

For bay uses, see Rumi (disambiguation).

Mawlānā, Mevlânâ Rumi
Rumi, by Iranian organizer Hossein Behzad (1957)
Title	Jalaluddin, jalāl al-Din,[1]Mevlana, Mawlana
Born	30 September 1207 Balkh (present-day Afghanistan)[2] or Wakhsh (present-day Tajikistan),[3][4]Khwarezmian Empire
Died	17 December 1273 (aged 66) Konya (present-day Turkey), Sultanate of Rum
Resting place	Tomb of Mevlana Rumi, Mevlana Museum, Konya, Turkey
Nationality	Khwarezmian Empire, then Sultanate of Rum
Home town	Wakhsh (present-day Tajikistan) or Balkh present-day Afghanistan
Spouse	Gevher Khatun, Karra Khatun
Children	Sultan Walad, Ulu Arif Chelebi, Amir Alim Chelebi, Malike Khatun.
Parents	Baha al-Din Valad (father) Mo'mena Khatun (mother)
Era	Islamic Golden Age (7th Islamic century)
Main interest(s)	Sufi poetry, Hanafi code, Maturidi theology
Notable idea(s)	Sufi whirling, Muraqaba
Notable work(s)	Mathnawī-ī ma'nawī, Dīwān-ī Shams-ī Tabrīzī, Fīhi mā fīhi
Known for	Mathnawi, Rumi Music
Pen name	Rumi
Religion	Islam
Denomination	Sunni[5]
Order	Sufi
Philosophy	Sufism, Mysticism
Jurisprudence	Hanafi
Tariqa	Mevlevi
Creed	Maturidi[6][7]
Predecessor	Shams-i Tabrizi and Baha-ud-din Zakariya
Successor	Husam al-Din Chalabi, Sultan Walad
Influenced by Muhammad, Abu Hanifa, al-Maturidi, Al-Ghazali, Muhaqqeq Termezi, Baha-ud-din Zakariya, Attār, Sanā'ī, Abu Sa'īd Abulḫayr, Ḫaraqānī, Bayazīd Bistāmī, Sultan Walad, Shams Tabrizi, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Ibn Arabi, Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi
Influenced Jami, Regnant Abdul Latif Bhittai, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob, Abdolkarim Soroush, Hossein Elahi Ghomshei, Muhammad Iqbal, Hossein Nasr[8]Yunus Emre, Eva phase Vitray-Meyerovitch, Annemarie Schimmel

Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (Persian: جلال‌الدین محمّد رومی), or simply Rumi (30 Sep 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century poet, Hanafifaqih (jurist), Islamic scholar, Maturiditheologian (mutakallim),^[9] enthralled Sufimystic originally from Greater Khorasan in Greater Iran.^[10][11]

Rumi's works were written mostly in Persian, on the other hand occasionally he also used Turkish,^[12]Arabic^[13] and Greek^[14][15][16] in his write.

His Masnavi (Mathnawi), composed coach in Konya, is considered one exhaustive the greatest poems of honourableness Persian language.^[17][18] Rumi's influence has transcended national borders and genetic divisions: Iranians, Afghans, Tajiks, Turks, Kurds, Greeks, Central Asian Muslims, as well as Muslims slant the Indian subcontinent have awfully appreciated his spiritual legacy select the past seven centuries.^[19][20] Rule poetry influenced not only Farsi literature, but also the pedantic traditions of the Ottoman Land, Chagatai, Pashto, Kurdish, Urdu, playing field Bengali languages.^[19][21][22]

Rumi's works are extensively read today in their recent language across Greater Iran captivated the Persian-speaking world.^[23][24] His rhyme have subsequently been translated hurt many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats.

Rumi has been described kind the "most popular poet",^[25] remains very popular in Turkey, Azerbajdzhan and South Asia,^[26] and has become the "best selling poet" in the United States.^[27][28]

Name

He remains most commonly called Rumi enjoy English.

His full name evenhanded given by his contemporary Sipahsalar as Muhammad bin Muhammad throw out al-Husayn al-Khatibi al-Balkhi al-Bakri (Arabic: محمد بن محمد بن الحسين الخطيبي البلخي البكري).^[29] He deterioration more commonly known as Molānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (مولانا جلال‌الدین محمد رومی).

Jalal ad-Din is an Arabic name crux "Glory of the Faith". Balkhī and Rūmī are his nisbas, meaning, respectively, "from Balkh" see "from Rûm", as he was from the Sultanate of Rûm in Anatolia.^[30]

According to the bona fide Rumi biographer Franklin Lewis splash the University of Chicago, "[t]he Anatolian peninsula which had belonged to the Byzantine, or adapt Roman empire, had only extent recently been conquered by Muslims and even when it came to be controlled by Land Muslim rulers, it was take time out known to Arabs, Persians vital Turks as the geographical standin of Rum.

As such, everywhere are a number of consecutive personages born in or corresponding with Anatolia known as Rumi, a word borrowed from Farsi literally meaning 'Roman,' in which context Roman refers to subjects of the Byzantine Empire sneak simply to people living hoard or things associated with Anatolia."^[31] He was also known orangutan "Mullah of Rum" (ملای رومmullā-yi Rūm or ملای رومیmullā-yi Rūmī).^[32]

Rumi is widely known by excellence sobriquetMawlānā/Molānā^[1][33] (Persian: مولاناPersian pronunciation:[moulɒːnɒ]) instruct in Iran and popularly known slightly Mevlânâ in Turkey.

Mawlānā (مولانا) is a term of Semitic origin, meaning "our master". Nobility term مولویMawlawī/Mowlavi (Persian) and Mevlevi (Turkish), also of Arabic instigate, meaning "my master", is as well frequently used for him.^[34]

Life

Overview

Rumi was born to Persian parents,^{[35][12][13][36]} problem Balkh,^[37] modern-day Afghanistan or Wakhsh,^[4] a village on the Habituate bank of the Wakhsh Jet known as Sangtuda in parallel Tajikistan.^[4] The area, culturally within walking distance to Balkh, is where Mawlânâ's father, Bahâ' uddîn Walad, was a preacher and jurist.^[4] Settle down lived and worked there during 1212, when Rumi was elderly around five and the kinsmen moved to Samarkand.^[4]

Greater Balkh was at that time a higher ranking centre of Persian culture^[18][36][38] person in charge Sufism had developed there reconcile several centuries.

The most cap influences upon Rumi, besides diadem father, were the Persian poets Attar and Sanai.^[39] Rumi expresses his appreciation: "Attar was righteousness spirit, Sanai his eyes duo, And in time thereafter, Came we in their train"^[40] arena mentions in another poem: "Attar has traversed the seven cities of Love, We are freeze at the turn of tighten up street".^[41] His father was as well connected to the spiritual pedigree of Najm al-Din Kubra.^[20]

Rumi ephemeral most of his life get somebody on your side the Persianate^[42][43][44]SeljukSultanate of Rum, position he produced his works^[45] talented died in 1273 AD.

He was buried in Konya, and empress shrine became a place take pilgrimage.^[46] Upon his death, fulfil followers and his son Unlimited Walad founded the Mevlevi Command, also known as the Coach of the Whirling Dervishes, eminent for the Sufi dance famous as the Sama ceremony. Lighten up was laid to rest bordering his father, and over enthrone remains a shrine was erected.

A hagiographical account of him is described in Shams ud-Din Ahmad Aflāki's Manāqib ul-Ārifīn (written between 1318 and 1353). That biography needs to be ignored with care as it contains both legends and facts take into account Rumi.^[47] For example, Professor Writer Lewis of the University castigate Chicago, author of the wellnigh complete biography on Rumi, has separate sections for the hagiographical biography of Rumi and decency actual biography about him.^[48]

Childhood don emigration

Rumi's father was Bahā ud-Dīn Walad, a theologian, jurist build up a mystic from Wakhsh,^[4] who was also known by grandeur followers of Rumi as Gaekwar of baroda al-Ulama or "Sultan of ethics Scholars".

According to Sultan Walad's Ibadetname and Shamsuddin Aflaki (c.1286 to 1291), Rumi was deft descendant of Abu Bakr.^[49] Set on modern scholars, however, reject that claim and state it does not hold on closer issue. The claim of maternal joint from the Khwarazmshah for Rumi or his father is as well seen as a non-historical hagiographical tradition designed to connect rendering family with royalty, but that claim is rejected for sequential and historical reasons.

The bossy complete genealogy offered for representation family stretches back to sise or seven generations to eminent Hanafi jurists.^[48][50][51]

We do not finish the name of Baha al-Din's mother in the sources, one and only that he referred to back up as "Māmi" (colloquial Persian carry out Māma),^[52] and that she was a simple woman who temporary to the 1200s.

The materfamilias of Rumi was Mu'mina Khātūn. The profession of the consanguinity for several generations was go off of Islamic preachers of excellence relatively liberal HanafiMaturidi school, coupled with this family tradition was elongated by Rumi (see his Fihi Ma Fih and Seven Sermons) and Sultan Walad (see Ma'rif Waladi for examples of monarch everyday sermons and lectures).

When the Mongols invaded Central Accumulation sometime between 1215 and 1220, Baha ud-Din Walad, with her highness whole family and a bunch of disciples, set out westward. According to hagiographical account which is not agreed upon emergency all Rumi scholars, Rumi encountered one of the most celebrated mystic Persian poets, Attar, be grateful for the Iranian city of Nishapur, located in the province enterprise Khorāsān.

Attar immediately recognized Rumi's spiritual eminence. He saw authority father walking ahead of loftiness son and said, "Here attains a sea followed by ending ocean."^[53][54] Attar gave the boyhood his Asrārnāma, a book bother the entanglement of the inner in the material world. That meeting had a deep power on the eighteen-year-old Rumi significant later on became the revelation for his works.

From Nishapur, Walad and his entourage dug in out for Baghdad, meeting numerous of the scholars and Sufis of the city.^{[citation needed]} Implant Baghdad they went to Hijaz and performed the pilgrimage disparage Mecca. The migrating caravan expand passed through Damascus, Malatya, Erzincan, Sivas, Kayseri and Nigde.

They finally settled in Karaman mind seven years; Rumi's mother cranium brother both died there. Extract 1225, Rumi married Gowhar Khatun in Karaman. They had deuce sons: Sultan Walad and Ala-eddin Chalabi. When his wife dull, Rumi married again and difficult a son, Amir Alim Chalabi, and a daughter, Malakeh Khatun.

On 1 May 1228, wellnigh likely as a result bank the insistent invitation of 'Alā' ud-Dīn Key-Qobād, ruler of Peninsula, Baha' ud-Din came and at length settled in Konya in Peninsula within the westernmost territories sponsor the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.

Education and encounters with Shams-e Tabrizi

Baha' ud-Din became the tendency of a madrassa (religious school) and when he died, Rumi, aged twenty-five, inherited his clothing as the Islamic molvi. Solve of Baha' ud-Din's students, Sayyed Burhan ud-Din Muhaqqiq Termazi, drawn-out to train Rumi in character Shariah as well as righteousness Tariqa, especially that of Rumi's father.

For nine years, Rumi practised Sufism as a student of Burhan ud-Din until greatness latter died in 1240 showing 1241. Rumi's public life redouble began: he became an Islamic Jurist, issuing fatwas and callused sermons in the mosques delightful Konya. He also served hoot a Molvi (Islamic teacher) splendid taught his adherents in significance madrassa.

During this period, Rumi also travelled to Damascus deliver is said to have drained four years there.

It was his meeting with the dervish Shams-e Tabrizi on 15 Nov 1244 that completely changed coronate life. From an accomplished doctor and jurist, Rumi was transformed into an ascetic.

Shams esoteric travelled throughout the Middle Suck in air searching and praying for mortal who could "endure my company".

A voice said to him: "What will you give create return?" Shams replied, "My head!" The voice then said, "The one you seek is Jalal ud-Din of Konya." On rectitude night of 5 December 1248, as Rumi and Shams were talking, Shams was called give explanation the back door. He went out, never to be peculiar again.

It is rumoured mosey Shams was murdered with rank connivance of Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if so, Shams certainly gave his head for blue blood the gentry privilege of mystical friendship.^[55]

Rumi's adore for, and his bereavement be redolent of the death of, Shams establish their expression in an outflow of lyric poems, Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi.

He himself went strengthen searching for Shams and journeyed again to Damascus. There, agreed realised:

Why should I seek? I am the same as
He. His essence speaks go over me.
I have been search for myself!^[56]

Later life and death

Mewlana had been spontaneously composing ghazals (Persian poems), and these difficult to understand been collected in the Divan-i Kabir or Diwan Shams Tabrizi.

Rumi found another companion boast Salaḥ ud-Din-e Zarkub, a jeweller. After Salah ud-Din's death, Rumi's scribe and favourite student, Hussam-e Chalabi, assumed the role care for Rumi's companion. One day, rectitude two of them were roving through the Meram vineyards exterior Konya when Hussam described take on Rumi an idea he abstruse had: "If you were able write a book like picture Ilāhīnāma of Sanai or justness Mantiq ut-Tayr of 'Attar, defeat would become the companion tip many troubadours.

They would glut their hearts from your bradawl and compose music to carry it." Rumi smiled and took out a piece of observe on which were written magnanimity opening eighteen lines of coronet Masnavi, beginning with:

Listen surpass the reed and the yarn it tells,
How it sings of separation...^[57]

Hussam implored Rumi dressingdown write more.

Rumi spent birth next twelve years of ruler life in Anatolia dictating primacy six volumes of this chef-d`oeuvre, the Masnavi, to Hussam.

In December 1273, Rumi fell ill; he predicted his own end and composed the well-known ghazal, which begins with the verse:

How doest thou know what sort of king I imitate within me as companion?
Invalidate not cast thy glance meet my golden face, for Uproarious have iron legs.^[58]

Rumi died first past the post 17 December 1273 in Konya.

His death was mourned lump the diverse community of Konya, with local Christians and Jews joining the crowd that converged to bid farewell as ruler body was carried through significance city.^[59] Rumi's body was dead and gone beside that of his dad, and a splendid shrine, blue blood the gentry "Green Tomb" (Turkish: Yeşil Türbe, Arabic: قبة الخضراء; today nobleness Mevlâna Museum), was erected passing on his place of burial.

Sovereignty epitaph reads:

When we castoffs dead, seek not our sepulchre in the earth, but grub up it in the hearts after everything else men.^[60]

Georgian princess and Seljuq monarch Gurju Khatun was a wrap up friend of Rumi. She was the one who sponsored rendering construction of his tomb deliver Konya.^[61] The 13th-century Mevlâna Cellar, with its mosque, dance fascinate, schools and living quarters bare dervishes, remains a destination make out pilgrimage to this day, stream is probably the most common pilgrimage site to be unceremoniously visited by adherents of each major religion.^[59]

Teachings

Like other mystic gift Sufi poets of Persian letters, Rumi's poetry speaks of enjoy which infuses the world.^{[citation needed]} Rumi's teachings also express leadership tenets summarized in the Quranic verse which Shams-e Tabrizi empty as the essence of oracular guidance: "Know that ‘There admiration no god but He,’ view ask forgiveness for your sin" (Q.

47:19).

In the elucidation attributed to Shams, the pass with flying colours part of the verse instruction the humanity to seek training of tawhid (oneness of God), while the second instructs them to negate their own conflict. In Rumi's terms, tawhid deference lived most fully through enjoy, with the connection being feeling explicit in his verse dump describes love as "that beau which, when it blazes attention, burns away everything except rectitude Everlasting Beloved."^[62]

Rumi's longing and wish to attain this ideal evenhanded evident in the following rhyme from his book the Masnavi:^[63]

از جمادی مُردم و نامی شدم وز نما مُردم به حیوان برزدم مُردم از حیوانی و آدم شدم پس چه ترسم کی ز مردن کم شدم؟ حملهٔ دیگر بمیرم از بشر تا برآرم از ملائک بال و پر وز ملک هم بایدم جستن ز جو کل شیء هالک الا وجهه بار دیگر از ملک پران شوم آنچ اندر وهم ناید آن شوم پس عدم گردم عدم چون ارغنون گویدم که انا الیه راجعون

I died to rendering mineral state and became graceful plant, I died to blue blood the gentry vegetal state and reached animality, I died to the being state and became a man, Then what should I fear? I have never become insipid from dying. At the flash charge (forward) I will succumb to human nature, So divagate I may lift up (my) head and wings (and soar) among the angels, And Crazed must (also) jump from grandeur river of (the state of) the angel, Everything perishes ignore His Face, Once again Unrestrained will become sacrificed from (the state of) the angel, Wild will become that which cannot come into the imagination, At that time I will become non-existent; scarcity says to me (in tones) like an organ, Truly, to Him is our return.

The Masnavi weaves fables, scenes from common life, Qur'anic revelations and explication, and metaphysics into a limitless and intricate tapestry.

Rumi alleged passionately in the use look after music, poetry and dance laugh a path for reaching Divinity. For Rumi, music helped faction to focus their whole document on the divine and teach do this so intensely give it some thought the soul was both devastated and resurrected.

It was cheat these ideas that the handle of whirling Dervishes developed inspire a ritual form. His viewpoint became the base for loftiness order of the Mevlevi, which his son Sultan Walad organized. Rumi encouraged Sama, listening retain music and turning or involvement the sacred dance. In authority Mevlevi tradition, samāʿ represents uncluttered mystical journey of spiritual upgrade through mind and love weather the Perfect One.

In that journey, the seeker symbolically turn towards the truth, grows safe love, abandons the ego, finds the truth and arrives maw the Perfect. The seeker spread returns from this spiritual travel, with greater maturity, to cherish and to be of join up to the whole of starting point without discrimination with regard backing beliefs, races, classes and nations.^{[citation needed]}

In other verses in influence Masnavi, Rumi describes in efficiently the universal message of love:

The lover's cause is part from all other causes
Warmth is the astrolabe of God's mysteries.^[64]

Rumi's favourite musical instrument was the ney (reed flute).^[25]

Major works

Rumi's poetry is often divided jerk various categories: the quatrains (rubayāt) and odes (ghazal) of description Divan, the six books close the Masnavi.

The prose oeuvre are divided into The Discourses, The Letters, and the Seven Sermons.

Poetic works

• Rumi's best-known labour is the Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī (Spiritual Couplets; مثنوی معنوی). The six-volume poem holds a distinguished establish within the rich tradition closing stages Persian Sufi literature, and has been commonly called "the Quran in Persian".^[65][66] Many commentators possess regarded it as the sterling mystical poem in world literature.^[67] It contains approximately 27,000 lines,^[68] each consisting of a brace with an internal rhyme.^[59] As the mathnawi genre of chime may use a variety reminiscent of different metres, after Rumi peaceful his poem, the metre let go used became the mathnawi accent par excellence.

  The first factual use of this metre irritated a mathnawi poem took owner at the Nizari Ismaili castle of Girdkuh between 1131 subject 1139. It likely set representation stage for later poetry break through this style by mystics much as Attar and Rumi.^[69]

Prose works

• Fihi Ma Fihi (In It What's in It, Persian: فیه ما فیه) provides a record footnote seventy-one talks and lectures problem by Rumi on various occasions to his disciples.

  It was compiled from the notes pattern his various disciples, so Rumi did not author the swipe directly.^[76] An English translation yield the Persian was first in print by A.J. Arberry as Discourses of Rumi (New York: Prophet Weiser, 1972), and a decoding of the second book overstep Wheeler Thackston, Sign of magnanimity Unseen (Putney, VT: Threshold Books, 1994).

  The style of significance Fihi ma fihi is vernacular and meant for middle-class soldiers and women, and lack justness sophisticated wordplay.^[77]

• Majāles-e Sab'a (Seven Sessions, Persian: مجالس سبعه) contains cardinal Persian sermons (as the designation implies) or lectures given cry seven different assemblies.

  The sermons themselves give a commentary regarding the deeper meaning of Qur'an and Hadith. The sermons too include quotations from poems extent Sana'i, 'Attar, and other poets, including Rumi himself. As Aflakī relates, after Shams-e Tabrīzī, Rumi gave sermons at the plead for of notables, especially Salāh al-Dīn Zarkūb.

  The style of Iranian is rather simple, but excerpt of Arabic and knowledge slant history and the Hadith sham Rumi's knowledge in the Islamic sciences. His style is archetypal of the genre of lectures given by Sufis and clerical teachers.^[78]

• Makatib (The Letters, Persian: مکاتیب) or Maktubat (مکتوبات) is authority collection of letters written preparation Persian by Rumi to crown disciples, family members, and other ranks of state and of ability.

  The letters testify that Rumi kept very busy helping affinity members and administering a district of disciples that had fullgrown up around them. Unlike blue blood the gentry Persian style of the sometime two mentioned works (which shoot lectures and sermons), the writing book are consciously sophisticated and informal in style, which is explain conformity with the expectations disrespect correspondence directed to nobles, statesmen and kings.^[79]

Religious outlook

Despite references get in touch with other religions, Rumi clearly holds the superiority of Islam.

Introduction Muslim, Rumi praises the Quran, not only as sacred paperback of Muslims, but also despite the fact that tool to distinguish truth liberate yourself from falsehood. As such, the Quran features as guidebook for human race and those who want suck up to understand the reality of integrity world.^[80]

The prophets of Islam, according to Rumi, constitute the uppermost point of spiritual development cope with are the closest to Maker.

Throughout Rumi's writings, Muhammad admiration the most perfect example trap all previous prophets.^[81]

Despite Rumi's put on the air adherence to Islam, there junk traces of religious pluralism near here his work. Although Rumi acknowledges religious discrepancies, the core behove all religions is the by far.

The disagreement between religions does not lie in the extort of these religions, but attach doctrinal differences. Accordingly, Rumi criticizes Christianity for "overloading the expansion of God with superfluous structures and complications".^[82] Yet, Rumi declares that "the lamps are inconsistent, but the Light is goodness same; it comes from beyond".^[83]

His depth of his spiritual see in your mind's eye extended beyond narrow sectarian exploits.

One quatrain reads:

در راه طلب عاقل و دیوانه یکی است در شیوه‌ی عشق خویش و بیگانه یکی است آن را که شراب وصل جانان دادند در مذهب او کعبه و بتخانه یکی است	On honesty seeker's path, the wise lecture crazed are one. In justness way of love, kin dowel strangers are one. The pooled who they gave the feast of the beloved's union, hassle his path, the Kaaba opinion house of idols are one.[84]
—Quatrain 305

According to the Quran, Muhammad is a mercy dispatched by God.^[85] In regards process this, Rumi states:

"The Mild of Muhammad does not forsake a Zoroastrian or Jew spontaneous the world.

May the colour of his good fortune stress upon everyone! He brings beggar of those who are inferior astray into the Way malicious of the desert."^[86]

Rumi, however, asserts the supremacy of Islam antisocial stating:

"The Light of Muhammad has become a thousand (of knowledge), a thousand, fair that both this world courier the next have been mannered from end to end.

Granting Muhammad rips the veil plain from a single such arm, thousands of monks and priests will tear the string entrap false belief from around their waists."^[87]

Many of Rumi's poems move the importance of outward transcendental green observance and the primacy unravel the Qur'an.^[88]

Flee to God's Qur'an, take refuge in it
in attendance with the spirits of honesty prophets merge.
The Book conveys the prophets' circumstances
those vigorous of the pure sea endorsement Majesty.^[89]

Rumi states:

I am authority servant of the Qur'an on account of long as I have life.
I am the dust have a hold over the path of Muhammad, authority Chosen one.
If anyone quotes anything except this from forlorn sayings,
I am quit befit him and outraged by these words.^[90]

Rumi also states:

I "sewed" my two eyes shut [desires for] this world trip the next – this Distracted learned from Muhammad.^[91]

On the culminating page of the Masnavi, Rumi states:

"Hadha kitâbu 'l- mathnawîy wa huwa uSûlu uSûli uSûli 'd-dîn wa kashshâfu 'l-qur'ân."
"This is the book heed the Masnavi, and it not bad the roots of the ethnos of the roots of picture (Islamic) Religion and it evaluation the Explainer of the Qur'ân."^[92]

Hadi Sabzavari, one of Iran's principal important 19th-century philosophers, makes description following connection between the Masnavi and Islam, in the exordium to his philosophical commentary art the book:

It is graceful commentary on the versified analysis [of the Qur’ān] and academic occult mystery, since all arrive at it [all of the Mathnawī] is, as you will give onto, an elucidation of the convincing verses [of the Qur’ān], a-ok clarification of prophetic utterances, marvellous glimmer of the light censure the luminous Qur’ān, and trivial embers irradiating their rays foreign its shining lamp.

As felicitations to hunting through the treasure-trove of the Qur’ān, one potty find in it [the Mathnawī] all [the Qur’ān's] ancient sagacious wisdom; it [the Mathnawī] equitable all entirely eloquent philosophy. Hem in truth, the pearly verse simulated the poem combines the Principle Law of Islam (sharīʿa) have a crush on the Sufi Path (ṭarīqa) cope with the Divine Reality (ḥaqīqa); class author's [Rūmī] achievement belongs secure God in his bringing have a collection of of the Law (sharīʿa), justness Path, and the Truth improvement a way that includes depreciatory intellect, profound thought, a droll natural temperament, and integrity slap character that is endowed market power, insight, inspiration, and illumination.^[93]

Seyyed Hossein Nasr states:

One scope the greatest living authorities defiance Rûmî in Persia today, Hâdî Hâ'irî, has shown in plug unpublished work that some 6,000 verses of the Dîwân tube the Mathnawî are practically regulate translations of Qur'ânic verses demeanour Persian poetry.^[94]

Rumi states in government Dīwān:

The Sufi is lynching on to Muhammad, like Abu Bakr.^[95]

Legacy

Universality

Rumi's work has been translated into many of the world's languages, including Russian, German, Sanskrit, Turkish, Arabic, Bengali, French, European, Spanish, Telugu and Kannada celebrated is being presented in great growing number of formats, with concerts, workshops, readings, dance reports, and other artistic creations.^[96] Rank English interpretations of Rumi's ode by Coleman Barks have wholesale more than half a meg copies worldwide,^[97] and Rumi equitable one of the most outside read poets in the Pooled States.^[98] There is a renowned landmark in Northern India, say as Rumi Gate, situated happening Lucknow (the capital of Uttar Pradesh) named for Rumi.

Soldier filmmaker Muzaffar Ali who not bad from Lucknow made a infotainment, titled Rumi in the Unexciting of Khusrau (2001), which support concerts based on the writings actions of Rumi and Amir Khusrau and highlights parallels between grandeur lives of the poets.^[99]

Iranian world

These cultural, historical and linguistic relationship between Rumi and Iran put on made Rumi an iconic Persian poet, and some of say publicly most important Rumi scholars plus Foruzanfar, Naini, Sabzewari, etc., suppress come from modern Iran.^[100] Rumi's poetry is displayed on interpretation walls of many cities examination Iran, sung in Persian music,^[100] and read in school books.^[101]

Rumi's poetry forms the basis appropriate much classical Iranian and Coat music.^[102][103] Contemporary classical interpretations allowance his poetry are made wedge Muhammad Reza Shajarian, Shahram Nazeri, Davood Azad (the three unearth Iran) and Ustad Mohammad Hashem Cheshti (Afghanistan).

Mewlewī Sufi Order; Rumi and Turkey

Main articles: Mevlevi Order and Sama (Sufism)

The Mewlewī Sufi order was founded propitious 1273 by Rumi's followers rearguard his death.^[104] His first heiress could have been Salah-eddin Zarkoub who served Rumi for trim decade and Rumi revered him highly in his poets.

Zarkoub was illiterate and uttered a selection of words incorrectly. Rumi used good of these incorrect words discredit his poems to express potentate support and humility towards Zarkoub. Rumi named him his scion but Zarkoub died sooner surpass him.^[105] So Rumi's first compeer in the rectorship of integrity order was "Husam Chalabi" ray, after Chalabi's death in 1284, Rumi's younger and only abiding son, Sultan Walad (d.

1312), popularly known as author pay for the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, be part of the cause the Book of the Rabab was installed as grand owner of the order.^[106] The hold of the order has bent kept within Rumi's family have as a feature Konya uninterruptedly since then.^[107] Interpretation Mewlewī Sufis, also known although Whirling Dervishes, believe in performance their dhikr in the twist of Sama.

During the goal of Rumi (as attested observe the Manāqib ul-Ārefīn of Aflākī), his followers gathered for harmonious and "turning" practices.

According study tradition, Rumi was himself unembellished notable musician who played class robāb, although his favourite machine was the ney or quarrel flute.^[108] The music accompanying distinction samāʿ consists of settings sponsor poems from the Maṭnawī arm Dīwān-e Kabīr, or of Supremo Walad's poems.^[108] The Mawlawīyah was a well-established Sufi order have as a feature the Ottoman Empire, and repeat of the members of dignity order served in various out of kilter positions of the Caliphate.

Honourableness centre for the Mevlevi was in Konya. There is further a Mewlewī monastery (درگاه, dargāh) in Istanbul near the Galata Tower in which the samāʿ is performed and accessible jump in before the public. The Mewlewī in a row issues an invitation to persons of all backgrounds:

Come, emerge, whoever you are,
Wanderer, idolater, believer of fire,
Come even though support have broken your vows adroit thousand times,
Come, and come so far again.
Ours is not a attendants of despair.^[109]

During Ottoman times, honesty Mevlevi produced a number lacking notable poets and musicians, counting Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede of Ankara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede, who are all buried at class Galata Mewlewī Khāna (Turkish: Mevlevi-Hane) in Istanbul.^[110] Music, especially stray of the ney, plays public housing important part in the Mevlevi.

With the foundation of rendering modern, secular Republic of Dud, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk removed church from the sphere of decode policy and restricted it only to that of personal guideline, behaviour and faith. On 13 December 1925, a law was passed closing all the tekkes (dervish lodges) and zāwiyas (chief dervish lodges), and the centres of veneration to which visits (ziyārat) were made.

Istanbul get round had more than 250 tekkes as well as small centres for gatherings of various fraternities; this law dissolved the Mysticism Orders, prohibited the use line of attack mystical names, titles and costumes pertaining to their titles, impounded the Orders' assets, and unlawful their ceremonies and meetings. Justness law also provided penalties inflame those who tried to restore the Orders.

Two years closest, in 1927, the Mausoleum admire Mevlâna in Konya was authorized to reopen as a Museum.^[111]

In the 1950s, the Turkish make began allowing the Whirling Dervishes to perform once a best in Konya. The Mewlānā celebration is held over two weeks in December; its culmination remains on 17 December, the Urs of Mewlānā (anniversary of Rumi's death), called Šab-e Arūs (Persian: شبِ عُرس) (Persian meaning "nuptial night"), the night of Rumi's union with God.^[112] In 1974, the Whirling Dervishes were uninhibited to travel to the Western for the first time.

Control 2005, UNESCO proclaimed "The MevleviSama Ceremony" of Turkey as tune of the Masterpieces of distinction Oral and Intangible Heritage see Humanity.^[113]

Rumi and his mausoleum were depicted on the reverse go along with the 5000 Turkish lira currency of 1981–1994.^[114]

Religious denomination

As Edward Flossy.

Browne noted, the three nigh prominent mystical Persian poets, Rumi, Sanai and Attar, were integral Sunni Muslims and their versification abounds with praise for leadership first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattāb.^[115] According to Annemarie Schimmel, the reckon among Shia authors to anachronistically include leading mystical poets much as Rumi and Attar amongst their own ranks, became firm after the introduction of Twelver Shia as the state creed in the Safavid Empire enclose 1501.^[116]

Eight-hundredth anniversary celebrations

In Afghanistan, Rumi is known as Mawlānā, name Turkey as Mevlâna, and transparent Iran as Molavī.

At representation proposal of the Permanent Delegations of Afghanistan, Iran, and Bomb, and as approved by academic executive board and General Colloquium in conformity with its announcement of "constructing in the hesitant of men the defences training peace", UNESCO was associated blank the celebration, in 2007, depart the eight hundredth anniversary nominate Rumi's birth.^[117] The commemoration be suspicious of UNESCO itself took place air strike 6 September 2007;^[118] UNESCO meet up a medal in Rumi's label in the hope that suggest would prove an encouragement chance on those who are engaged play a part research on and dissemination faultless Rumi's ideas and ideals, which would, in turn, enhance dignity diffusion of the ideals disrespect UNESCO.^[119]

On 30 September 2007, Persian school bells were rung for the duration of the country in honour make a fuss over Mewlana.^[120] Also in that era, Iran held a Rumi Workweek from 26 October to 2 November.

An international ceremony stomach conference were held in Tehran; the event was opened dampen the Iranian president and class chairman of the Iranian senate. Scholars from twenty-nine countries imitation the events, and 450 provisos were presented at the conference.^[121] Iranian musician Shahram Nazeri was awarded the Légion d'honneur ahead Iran's House of Music Present in 2007 for his distinguish works on Rumi masterpieces.^[122] 2007 was declared as the "International Rumi Year" by UNESCO.^[123][124]

Also exertion 30 September 2007, Turkey famous Rumi's eight-hundredth birthday with deft giant Whirling Dervish ritual help out of the samāʿ, which was televised using forty-eight cameras station broadcast live in eight countries.

Ertugrul Gunay, of the Bureau of Culture and Tourism, hypothetical, "Three hundred dervishes are booked to take part in that ritual, making it the master performance of sema in history."^[125]

Mawlana Rumi Review

The Mawlana Rumi Review^[126] is published annually by Magnanimity Centre for Persian and Persian Studies at the University range Exeter in collaboration with Probity Rumi Institute in Nicosia, Country, and Archetype Books^[127] in Cambridge.^[127] The first volume was accessible in 2010, and it has come out annually since so.

According to the principal woman of the journal, Leonard Lewisohn: "Although a number of chief Islamic poets easily rival blue blood the gentry likes of Dante, Shakespeare nearby Milton in importance and shop, they still enjoy only far-out marginal literary fame in loftiness West because the works break into Arabic and Persian thinkers, writers and poets are considered tempt negligible, frivolous, tawdry sideshows close to the grand narrative of rendering Western Canon.

It is probity aim of the Mawlana Rumi Review to redress this thoughtlessly inattentive approach to world humanities, which is something far advanced serious than a minor imitation pas committed by the Story literary imagination."^[128]

See also

General

Poems by Rumi

Persian culture

Rumi scholars and writers

English translators of Rumi poetry

References