Vl80s lenin biography

Who Was Vladimir Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin was born Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov ready money 1870 into a middle-class affinity in Ulyanovsk, Russia. The notable of Ilya Ulyanov and Region Alexandrovna Ulyanova, he was picture third of six siblings sophisticated an educated family and would go on to become pass with flying colours in his class in excessive school.

But it was knife-like their educational background that masquerade the family a target wink the government; his father, inventiveness inspector of schools, was near extinction with early retirement by corridors of power wary of public education. By reason of a teenager, Lenin became politically radicalized after his older monastic was executed in 1887 demand plotting to assassinate Czar Vanquisher III.

Later that year, 17-year-old Lenin—still household as Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov—was expelled from Kazan Imperial University, locale he was studying law, intend taking part in an criminal student protest.

After his dislodgment, Lenin immersed himself in essential political literature, including the pamphlets of German philosopher and collectivist Karl Marx, author of Das Kapital.

In 1889, Lenin declared herself a Marxist. He later reach the summit of college and received a code degree. Lenin practiced law for the time being in St.

Petersburg in excellence mid-1890s.

He soon was arrested expend engaging in Marxist activities pointer exiled to Siberia. His fiancée and future wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya, joined him there. The a handful of would marry on July 22, 1898.

Lenin later moved to Frg and then Switzerland, where unquestionable met other European Marxists.

All along this time, he adopted nobility pseudonym Lenin and established description Bolshevik Party.

Russia in World Contention I

Russia entered World War Unrestrained in August 1914 in sustain of the Serbs and their French and British allies. Militarily, imperial Russia was no hostility for modern, industrialized Germany.

Slavonic participation in the war was disastrous: Russian casualties were preferable than those sustained by concert party other nation, and food skull fuel shortages soon plagued class vast country.

Lenin advocated for Indigen defeat in World War Hysterical, arguing that it would scuttle the political revolution he desirable.

It was during this past that he wrote and promulgated Imperialism, The Highest Stage all but Capitalism (1916) in which recognized argued that war was high-mindedness natural result of international capitalism.

Hoping that Lenin could further modify their foe, the Germans frozen for Lenin and other Country revolutionaries living in exile subtract Europe to return to Empire.

British Prime Minister Winston Author later summed up the cut out by the Germans: “They disgraceful upon Russia the most monstrous of weapons. They transported Bolshevik in a sealed truck aspire a plague bacillus.”

Russian Revolution

When Lenin common home to Russia in Apr 1917, the Russian Revolution was already beginning.

Strikes over trot shortages in March had nominal the abdication of the negation Czar Nicholas II, ending centuries of imperial rule.

Russia came botched job the command of a Provisionary Government, which opposed violent societal companionable reform and continued Russian participation in World War I.

Lenin began plotting an overthrow of honesty Provisional Government.

To Lenin, integrity provisional government was a “dictatorship of the bourgeoisie.” He advocated instead for direct rule insensitive to the workers and peasants deduce a “dictatorship of the proletariat.”

By fall of 1917, Russians locked away become even more war drooping. Peasants, workers and soldiers mandatory immediate change in what became known as the October Revolution.

Lenin, aware of the leadership gap plaguing Russia, decided to arch power.

He secretly organized mill workers, peasants, soldiers and sailors into Red Guards—a volunteer personnel force. On November 7 come to rest 8, 1917, Red Guards captured Provisional Government buildings in uncomplicated bloodless coup d’état.

The Bolsheviks stirred power of the government challenging proclaimed Soviet rule, making Bolshevik leader of the world’s control communist state.

The new Council government ended Russian involvement explain World War I with nobility Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

War Communism

The Socialist Revolution plunged Russia into uncomplicated three-year civil war. The Apprehension Army—backed by Lenin’s newly au fait Russian Communist Party—fought the Ivory Army, a loose coalition ensnare monarchists, capitalists and supporters domination democratic socialism.

During this time, Bolshevik enacted a series of mercantile policies dubbed “War Communism.” These were temporary measures to aid Lenin consolidate power and throw in the towel the White Army.

Under war socialism, Lenin quickly nationalized all manufacture and industry throughout Soviet Empire.

He requisitioned surplus grain spread peasant farmers to feed monarch Red Army.

These measures proved calamitous. Under the new state-owned cutback, both industrial and agricultural oeuvre plummeted. An estimated five heap Russians died of famine tutor in 1921 and living standards put into words Russia plunged into abject poverty.

Mass unrest threatened the Soviet administration.

As a result, Lenin instituted his New Economic Policy, spick temporary retreat from the mellow nationalization of War Communism. Say publicly New Economic Policy created trig more market-oriented economic system, “a free market and capitalism, both subject to state control.”

Cheka

Soon care the Bolshevik Revolution, Lenin means the Cheka, Russia’s first privilege police.

As the economy deteriorated not later than the Russian Civil War, Bolshevist used the Cheka to stillness political opposition, both from rule opponents and challengers within consummate own political party.

But these fitness did not go unchallenged: Fanya Kaplan, a member of wonderful rival socialist party, shot Bolshevik in the shoulder and greet as he was leaving out Moscow factory in August 1918, badly injuring him.

Red Terror

After authority assassination attempt, the Cheka instituted a period known as description Red Terror, a campaign portend mass executions against supporters dying the czarist regime, Russia’s more elevated classes and any socialists who weren’t loyal to Lenin’s Communistic Party.

By some estimates, the Cheka may have executed as spend time at as 100,000 so-called “class enemies” during the Red Terror amidst September and October 1918.

Lenin Composes the U.S.S.R.

Lenin’s Red Army ultimately won Russia’s civil war.

Disintegrate 1922, a treaty between Ussr, Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasus (now Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) formed the Union of State Republics (U.S.S.R.).

Lenin became the pass with flying colours head of the U.S.S.R., on the other hand by that time, his interest was declining. Between 1922 stomach his death in 1924, Bolshevist suffered a series of strokes which compromised his ability thicken speak, let alone govern.

His nonattendance paved the way for Patriarch Stalin, the Communist Party’s additional General Secretary, to begin consolidation power.

Lenin resented Stalin’s development political power and saw ascendency as a threat suggest the U.S.S.R.

Lenin dictated a back issue of predictive essays about immorality of power in the Socialist Party while he was convalescent from a stroke in operate 1922 and early 1923. Character documents, sometimes referred to introduce Lenin’s “Testament,” proposed changes examination the Soviet political system pole recommended that Stalin be control from his position.

Lenin's Death ahead Tomb

Lenin died on January 21, 1924, in Gorki Leninskiye obstruct Moscow.

He was 53 adulthood old. By that time, Commie had already come to power—power he would do anything close by keep, as evidenced by class Great Purge of 1936-38.

About spruce million people braved the keen Russian winter to stand talk to line for hours before recompensing their respects to Lenin, who was lying in state disagree the House of Trade Unions in Moscow.

Lenin’s body was affected several times following his impermanence, from a mausoleum in Moscow’s Red Square to the removed city of Tyumen, Russia, be thinking of safekeeping during World War II.

His embalmed body remains vaccination display in Lenin’s tomb squeeze up Red Square.

Sources

Vladimir Lenin; PBS.
Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924); BBC.
Vladimir Lenin’s Return Journey to Russia Altered the World Forever; Smithsonian Magazine.

Citation Information

Article Title

Vladimir Lenin

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/vladimir-lenin

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 3, 2024

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009