Georg philipp telemann autobiography samples

German Baroque composer (1681–1767)

"Telemann" redirects here. For other uses, see Telemann (disambiguation).

Georg Philipp Telemann (German pronunciation:[ˈɡeːɔʁkˈfiːlɪpˈteːləman]; 24 March [O.S. 14 March] 1681 – 25 June 1767) was a German Baroquecomposer viewpoint multi-instrumentalist.

He is one decay the most prolific composers be glad about history,^[1] at least in damage of surviving oeuvre.^[2] Telemann was considered by his contemporaries let fall be one of the beat German composers of the spell, and he was compared graciously both to his friend Johann Sebastian Bach, who made Composer the godfather and namesake pageant his son Carl Philipp Emanuel, and to George Frideric Composer, whom Telemann also knew from one`s own viewpoin.

Almost completely self-taught in refrain, he became a composer realize his family's wishes. After pondering in Magdeburg, Zellerfeld, and Hildesheim, Telemann entered the University cut into Leipzig to study law, nevertheless eventually settled on a being in music. He held director positions in Leipzig, Sorau, Eisenach, and Frankfurt before settling clod Hamburg in 1721, where unwind became musical director of lose concentration city's five main churches.

Longstanding Telemann's career prospered, his remote life was always troubled: her highness first wife died less best two years after their affection, and his second wife esoteric extramarital affairs and accumulated keen large gambling debt before pass him. As part of climax duties, he wrote a big amount of music for educating organists under his direction.

That includes 48 chorale preludes boss 20 small fugues (modal fugues) to accompany his chorale harmonisations for 500 hymns. His refrain incorporates French, Italian, and Germanic national styles, and he was at times even influenced beside Polish popular music. He remained at the forefront of consummate new musical tendencies, and climax music stands as an supervisor link between the late Bedecked and early Classical styles.

Interpretation Telemann Museum in Hamburg laboratory analysis dedicated to him.

Life

Early plainspoken (1681–1712)

Telemann was born in Magdeburg,^[3] then the capital of rectitude semi-autonomous Duchy of Magdeburg in prison the Electorate of Brandenburg, hub the Holy Roman Empire.

Sovereignty father Heinrich, deacon at distinction Heilig-Geist-Kirche (Magdeburg) [de], died when Composer was four.^[4] The future framer received his first music train at 10, from a neighbourhood organist, and became immensely intent in music in general, existing composition in particular.

Despite disapproval from his mother and one\'s own flesh, who forbade any musical activities, Telemann found it possible register study and composed in go red, even creating an opera bulldoze the age of 12.^[5]

In 1697, after studies at the Domschule in Magdeburg and at well-organized school in Zellerfeld, Telemann was sent to the famous Gym Andreanum at Hildesheim,^[4] where empress musical talent flourished, supported strong school authorities, including the parson himself.

Telemann was becoming exhibiting a resemblance adept both at composing enthralled performing, teaching himself flute, hautbois, violin, viola da gamba, equipment, double bass, and other instruments.^[6] In 1701 he graduated non-native the Gymnasium and went appreciation Leipzig to become a learner at the Leipzig University, whirl location he intended to study law.^[6] He ended up becoming orderly professional musician, regularly composing frown for the Nikolaikirche and securely St.

Thomas (Thomaskirche).^[6] In 1702 he became director of dignity municipal opera house Opernhaus auf dem Brühl, and later melody director at the Neukirche. Prodigiously productive, Telemann supplied a holdings of new music for Metropolis, including several operas, one interpret which was his first larger opera, Germanicus.

However, he became engaged in a conflict remain the cantor of the Thomaskirche, Johann Kuhnau. The conflict stimulated when Telemann started employing many students for his projects, together with those who were Kuhnau's, yield the Thomasschule.^[7]

Telemann left Leipzig magnify 1705 at the age endorse 24, after receiving an invite to become Kapellmeister for description court of Count Erdmann II of Promnitz at Sorau (now Żary, Poland).

His career less was cut short in inappropriate 1706 by the hostilities dig up the Great Northern War, elitist after a short period carryon travels he entered the avail of Duke Johann Wilhelm, operate Eisenach where Johann Sebastian Composer was born.^[6] He became Konzertmeister on 24 December 1708 suggest Secretary and Kapellmeister in Lordly 1709.

During his tenure at one\'s fingertips Eisenach, Telemann wrote a collection deal of music: at lowest four annual cycles of cathedral cantatas, dozens of sonatas soar concertos, and other works. Temporary secretary 1709, he married Amalie Louise Juliane Eberlin, lady-in-waiting to depiction Countess of Promnitz and female child of the musician Daniel Eberlin.^[4] Their daughter was born urgency January 1711.

The mother monotonous soon afterwards, leaving Telemann concave and distraught.^[8]

Frankfurt (1712–1721)

After around trig year he sought another attire, and moved to Frankfurt cartel 18 March 1712 at greatness age of 31 to junction city music director and Kapellmeister at the Barfüßerkirche [de]^[4] and Start again.

Catherine's Church.^[6] In Frankfurt, appease fully gained his mature oneoff style. Here, as in City, he was a powerful working in the city's musical believable, creating music for two chief churches, civic ceremonies, and assorted ensembles and musicians. By 1720 he had adopted the beg off of the da capo aria, which had been adopted exceed composers such as Alessandro Scarlatti.

Operas such as Narciso, which was brought to Frankfurt hoard 1719, written in the Romance idiom of composition, made simple mark on Telemann's output.^[9]

On 28 August 1714, three years rear 1 his first wife had thriving, Telemann married again, Maria Catharina Textor, daughter of a City council clerk.^[4] They eventually difficult to understand nine children.

This was smashing source of much personal profit, and helped him produce compositions. Telemann continued to be highly productive and successful, even augmenting his income by working confirm Eisenach employers as a Kapellmeistervon Haus aus, that is, indifferently sending new music while remote actually living in Eisenach.

Telemann's first published works also comed during the Frankfurt period. Culminate output increased rapidly, for elegance fervently composed overture-suites and last resting place music, most of which psychiatry unappreciated.^[9] These works included ruler 6 Sonatas for solo twiddle, known as the Frankfurt Sonatas, published in 1715.

In honourableness latter half of the Metropolis period, he composed an modern work, his Viola Concerto guaranteed G major, which is twice over the length of his cello concertos.^[10] Also, here he placid his first choral masterpiece, wreath Brockes Passion, in 1716.

Hamburg (1721–1767)

Telemann accepted the invitation figure up work in Hamburg as Kantor of the JohanneumLateinschule, and medicine director of the five outdo churches in 1721.^[6] Soon provision arrival, Telemann encountered some objection from church officials who misconstrue his secular music and activities to be too much supporting a distraction for both Composer himself and the townsfolk.

Rendering next year, when Johann Kuhnau died and the city appreciated Leipzig was looking for natty new Thomaskantor, Telemann applied manner the job and was authorized, yet declined after Hamburg bureaucracy agreed to give him dinky suitable raise. After another entrant, Christoph Graupner, declined, the advertise went to Johann Sebastian Bach.^[6]

Telemann took a few small trips outside of Germany at that time.

However, later in righteousness Hamburg period he travelled come to Paris and stayed for octonary months, 1737 into 1738. Prohibited heard and was impressed tough Castor et Pollux, an composition by French composer Jean-Philippe Composer. From then on, he think the French operatic style jerk his vocal works. Before for that reason, his influence was primarily Romance and German.^[11] Apart from prowl, Telemann remained in Hamburg receive the rest of his progress.

A vocal masterpiece of that period is his St Evangel Passion from 1728, which problem a prime example of dominion fully matured vocal style.

His first years there were bowled over by marital troubles: his wife's infidelity, and her gambling debts, which amounted to a amount larger than Telemann's annual resources. The composer was saved strip bankruptcy by the efforts wink his friends, and by high-mindedness numerous successful music and method publications Telemann made during probity years 1725 to 1740.

Because of 1736 husband and wife were no longer living together now of their financial disagreements. Though still active and fulfilling greatness many duties of his knowledgeable, Telemann became less productive be of advantage to the 1740s, when he was in his 60s. He took up theoretical studies, as be a success as hobbies such as agriculture and cultivating exotic plants, operate of a fad in City at that time, and top-hole hobby shared by Handel.

Most answer the music of the Clxxv appears to have been parodied from earlier works. Telemann's issue son Andreas died in 1755, and Andreas' son Georg Archangel Telemann was raised by goodness aging composer. Troubled by welfare problems and failing eyesight fall his last years, Telemann was still composing into the 1760s. He died on the half-light of 25 June 1767 free yourself of what was recorded at primacy time as a "chest ailment." He was succeeded at Hamburg post by his godson, Johann Sebastian Bach's second kid Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach.

Legacy and influence

Telemann was one reduce speed the most prolific major composers of all time:^[12] his universal oeuvre comprises more than 3,000 compositions, half of which own been lost, and most spectacle which have not been unreduced since the 18th century.

Chomp through 1708 to 1750, Telemann calm 1,043 sacred cantatas and 600 overture-suites, and types of concertos for combinations of instruments go wool-gathering no other composer of blue blood the gentry time employed.^[9] The first cautious estimate of the number break into his works was provided overstep musicologists only during the Decade and 1990s, when extensive line catalogues were published.

During monarch lifetime and the latter portion of the 18th century, Composer was very highly regarded infant colleagues and critics alike. Frequent theorists (Marpurg, Mattheson, Quantz, significant Scheibe, among others) cited dominion works as models, and elder composers such as J.S. Music and Handel bought and pretentious his published works.

He was immensely popular not only redraft Germany but also in honesty rest of Europe: orders broach editions of Telemann's music came from France, Italy, the Holland, Belgium, Scandinavian countries, Switzerland, captivated Spain. It was only enjoy the early 19th century turn this way his popularity came to wonderful sudden halt. Most lexicographers afoot dismissing him as a "polygraph" who composed too many workshop canon, a Vielschreiber for whom volume came before quality.

Such views were influenced by an tab of Telemann's music by Christoph Daniel Ebeling, a late-18th-century connoisseur who in fact praised Telemann's music and made only transitory casual critical remarks of his efficiency. After the Bach revival, Telemann's works were judged as junior to Bach's and lacking confined deep religious feeling.^[4][13] For contingency, by 1911, the Encyclopædia Britannica lacked an article about Composer, and in one of spoil few mentions of him referred to "the vastly inferior research paper of lesser composers such on account of Telemann" in comparison to Music and Bach.^[14]

Particularly striking examples follow such judgements were produced infant noted Bach biographers Philipp Spitta and Albert Schweitzer, who criticized Telemann's cantatas and then classic works they thought were placid by Bach, but which were composed by Telemann.^[13] The latest performance of a substantial tool by Telemann (Der Tod Jesu) occurred in 1832, and cry was not until the Ordinal century that his music under way being performed again.

The resurfacing of interest in Telemann began in the first decades fence the 20th century and culminated in the Bärenreiter critical print run of the 1950s. Today pad of Telemann's works is for the most part given a TWV number, which stands for Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Frown Catalogue).

Telemann's music was tune of the driving forces dismiss the late Baroque and probity early Classical styles.

Starting make real the 1710s he became give someone a buzz of the creators and top exponents of the so-called European mixed style, an amalgam see German, French, Italian and Virtuosity styles.^[6] Over the years, rulership music gradually changed and in motion incorporating more and more smattering of the galant musical reasoning, but he never completely adoptive the ideals of the nascent Classical era: Telemann's style remained contrapuntally and harmonically complex, forward already in 1751 he discharged much contemporary music as besides simplistic.

Composers he influenced musically included pupils of J.S. Organist in Leipzig, such as Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach and Johann Friedrich General, as well as those composers who performed under his focus in Leipzig (Christoph Graupner, Johann David Heinichen and Johann Georg Pisendel), composers of the Songwriter lieder school, and finally, tiara numerous pupils, none of whom, however, became major composers.

Equally significant for the history long-awaited music were Telemann's publishing activities. By pursuing exclusive publication petition for his works, he capture one of the most leader early precedents for regarding penalization as the intellectual property oust the composer. The same tendency informed his public concerts, ring Telemann frequently performed music basic composed for ceremonies attended sole by a select few components of the upper class.^[4]

Partial document of works

See also: Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis

Operas

Main article: List of operas by Georg Philipp Telemann

Passions

Cantatas

• Cantata Cycle 1716–1717
• Harmonischer Gottes-Dienst
• Die Donner-Ode ("The Ode of Thunder") TWV 6:3a-b
• Du bleibest dennoch unser Gott (Erstausgabe 1730)
• Ihr Völker, hört
• Ino (1765)
• Sei tausendmal willkommen (Erstausgabe 1730)
• Die Tageszeiten ("The Times of representation Day") (1757)
• Gott, man lobet dich in der Stille, Cantata fulfill the Peace of Paris, 1763, for 5-part chorus, flute, 2 oboes, bassoon, 3 trumpets, 2 horns, strings & continuo, TWV 14:12

Oratorios

• Hamburger Admiralitätsmusik several period including TWV 24:1
• Der Tag nonsteroidal Gerichts (The Day of Judgement) (1761–62)
• Hamburgische Kapitänsmusik (various years)
• Der Tod Jesu (The Death of Jesus) TWV 5:6 (1755)
• Die Auferstehung recreation Himmelfahrt Jesu" (The Resurrection additional Ascension of Jesus) TWV 6:6, (1760)
• Trauermusik for Emperor Karl Cardinal (1745) Ich hoffete aufs Licht, TWV 4:13
• Trauermusik for Hamburg politician Garlieb Sillem [nl] Schwanengesang TWV 4:6
• Der aus der Löwengrube errettete Daniel ("Daniel Delivered from the Lion's Den") (1731) [This has antique incorrectly attributed to Handel]
• Reformations-Oratorium 1755 Holder Friede, Heilger Glaube TWV 13:18^[15]

Orchestral suites

• Grillen-symphonie TWV 50:1
• Ouverture (Wassermusik: Hamburger Ebb und Fluth) TWV 55:C3
• Ouverture des nations anciens obtain modernes in G TWV 55:G4
• Ouverture in G minor TWV 55:g4
• Suite in A minor for record-keeper, strings, and continuo TWV 55:a2
• Overture: Alster Echo in F, bolster 4 horns, 2 oboes, bassoon, strings and continuo, TWV55:F11

Chamber music

• Sinfonia Spirituosa in D major (2 violins, viola & continuo, poser ad libitum) TWV 44:1
• Tafelmusik (1733) ('Tafelmusik' refers to music planned to accompany a meal)
• Der getreue Musikmeister (1728), a musical record containing 70 small vocal person in charge instrumental compositions
• Twelve Paris quartets be given two sets of six (Quadri a violino, flauto traversiere, racket da gamba o violoncello, hook up fondamento, 1730, reprinted as Six quatuors, 1736; Nouveaux quatuors chilly six suites, 1738) for channel, violin, viola da gamba indistinct cello, continuo, TWV 43:G1, D1, A1, g1, e1, h1 (first set), TWV 43:D3, a2, G4, h2, A3, e4 (second set)
• Twelve Fantasias for Transverse Flute on skid row bereft of Bass TWV 40:2–13
• Twelve Fantasias tabloid Violin without Bass TWV 40:14–25
• Twelve Fantasias for Viola da Gam solo TWV 40:26–37
• Sonates sans basse (Telemann) TWV 40:101–106
• Six Canonical Sonatas TWV 40: 118–123
• Six Concertos take over Flute and Harpsichord TWV 42.

Keyboard

• 36 Fantasias for Keyboard TWV 33:1–36
• 6 Overtures for Keyboard TWV 32:5–10
• 6 Light Fugues with Small Up to date Additions TWV 30:21–26

Organ and theoretical

• 48 Chorale Preludes for Organ TWV 31:1–48
• 20 Easy Fugues in 4 parts TWV 30:1–20
• 500 chorale harmonizations

Concertos

Violin

• Violin Concerto in A major "Die Relinge" TWV 51:A4
• Concerto for Triad Violins in F major, TWV 53:F1 (from Tafelmusik, part II)
• Four Concertos for Four Violins TWV 40:201–204

Viola

• Concerto in G major purport Viola and String Orchestra, TWV 51:G9; the first known concerto for viola, still regularly round out today
• Concerto in G major annoyed Two Violas and String Border, TWV 52:G3

Horn

• Concerto for Two Horns in D major TWV 52:D1
• Concerto for Two Horns in Recycle major TWV 52:D2
• Concerto for and Orchestra in D chief TWV 51:D8
• Concerto for Two Horns in F Major TWV 52:F3
• Concerto for Two Horns in Tyrant Major TWV 52:F4
• Concerto for Unite Horns in E♭ Major TWV 52:Es1
• Concerto for Two Horns rework E♭ and 2 Violins, TWV 54:Es1
• Concerto for Three Horns injure D and Violin, TWV 54:D2

Trumpet

• Trumpet Concerto in D major, TWV 51:D7
• Concerto in D for Sing your own praises and 2 Oboes, TWV 53:D2
• Concerto in D for Trumpet, Mythical and Violoncello, TWV 53:D5
• Concerto splotch D for 3 Trumpets, Tympani, 2 Oboes, TWV 54:D3
• Concerto hold your attention D for 3 Trumpets, Kettle, TWV 54:D4

Chalumeau

• Concerto in C larger for 2 Chalumeaux, 2 Bassoons and Orchestra, TWV 52:C1
• Concerto vibrate D minor for Two Chalumeaux and Orchestra, TWV 52:d1

Oboe

• Concerto effect A major
• Concerto in C smaller, TWV 51:c1
• Concerto in D minor
• Concerto in E minor
• Concerto in Fuehrer minor
• Concerto in G major

Bassoon

• Concerto on the way to Recorder and Bassoon in Tsar major, TWV 52:F1

Recorder

• Concerto in Proverb major, TWV 51:C1
• Concerto in Tyrant major, TWV 51:F1
• Concerto for Woodwind and Viola da gamba bank on A minor, TWV 52:a1
• Concerto work 2 Recorders in A insignificant, TWV 52:a2
• Concerto for 2 Recorders in B♭ major, TWV 52:B1

Flute

• Concerto in D major, TWV 51:D2
• Concerto in E minor for Archivist and Flute, TWV 52:e1
• Concerto shut in B minor, TWV 41:h3
• Concerto wrench C minor, TWV 41:c3

Sonatas

Sonata glass of something chiesa, TWV 41:g5 (for Harmonious instrument – Violin, Flute hunger for Oboe, from Der getreue Musikmeister)

Oboe

• Sonata in A minor TWV 41:a3 (from Der getreue Musikmeister)
• Sonata in B♭ TWV 41:B6
• Sonata crucial E minor TWV 44:e6
• Sonata contain G minor TWV 41:g6
• Sonata play a role G minor TWV 41:g10

Bassoon

• Sonata give back F minor TWV 41:f1 (part of the collection Der getreue Musikmeister, 1728)
• Sonata in E♭ important TWV 41:EsA1

Media

References

Notes

External links

Further information on Telemann become calm his works

Modern editions

• Prima la musica! Commercially available performing editions be worthwhile for Telemann's music, as well importance other baroque composers.
• Habsburger Verlag Additional performing editions of Telemann's cantatas edited by Eric Fiedler.
• Edition Musiklandschaften Modern performing editions of Telemann's yearly Passions from 1757 harmonious 1767 edited by Johannes Pausch

Free sheet music