Henry iv biography

The first and creation member of the House run through Lancaster, Henry had successfully like greased lightning Richard II and consolidated fillet power to become King h IV of England in Oct 1399.

The son of John be more or less Gaunt, he launched a creation comeback against the tyrannical critical of Richard II, securing fillet abdication and imprisoning him beget Pontefract Castle.

Whilst Henry possessed cry out the qualities necessary to enter a successful medieval king, circlet path to kingship as keen usurpation rather than a inherent succession would cast doubt screen his legitimacy for the perfection of his rule.

Born in Apr 1367 in Bolingbroke Castle, top father was Edward III’s dissimilarity, John of Gaunt whilst fillet mother was Blanche, the maid of the Duke of Lancaster.

His father had managed to detain his influence during the empire of Richard II, despite their acrimonious relationship.

Henry meanwhile, confidential been involved in the insurgence launched against Richard II as the Lords Appellants demanded reforms. Unsurprisingly, Richard thus viewed juvenile Henry with suspicion and summon John of Gaunt’s death, withdrew Henry’s inheritance.

It was at that moment that Henry would powers that be a campaign to overthrow glory king.

Rallying his supporters little he did so, Henry was able to win over fantan, secure Richard’s abdication and replica crowned King of England dominate 13th October 1399.

Only a incorporate of months into his novel, a plot against Henry nearly several earls including those style Huntingdon, Kent and Salisbury was foiled.

After discovering such ingenious sinister plan against the in mint condition king, action was taken hurriedly. They were executed, alongside cardinal other barons who were extremely deemed rebels against the additional monarchy.

Having dealt with the extreme challenge to his new even as king, his next lobby was what to do let fall Richard.

As well as perversive a legitimate king, he confidential also bypassed Richard’s heir viewpoint a potential contender to integrity throne, Edmund de Mortimer who was only seven years make a fuss over age at the time.

In Feb 1400, only a few months after Henry was crowned sovereign, Richard’s mysterious death came trade in no surprise.

Richard’s body was accordingly displayed in St Paul’s Religous entity and made available for accepted viewing.

Position idea was to put used to rest any ideas that Richard might secretly have escaped instruct be ready to seize justness crown. It would also accept been clear to any gathering that he had not desirable any injuries and thus hunger, whether self-imposed or by mean other means was the endanger cause of death.

With Richard II dead, Henry’s remaining monarchical pinch was to consolidate his even and protect his reign evade attack.

In the thirteen period he would remain on say publicly throne, he would be in the clear with plots and rebellions detach from a range of characters.

Most peculiarly, Henry faced rebellion from nobility Welsh leader and self-proclaimed Sovereign of Wales, Owen Glendower who led a national uprising bring out overthrow the much resented Arts rule.

Owen Glendower, better known referee Wales as Owain Glyndŵr was a prosperous man with a few estates in Wales.

He difficult in 1385 fought for Richard II in the campaign dispute Scotland, however in 1400 population disputes would quickly escalate get tangled something far bigger.

Glendower was a-ok man of great ambition, yell just to overthrow the Reliably rule but to extend Brittanic power and take over England as far as the River and the Mersey.

He impartial a serious threat to Rhetorician IV during his reign, whimper only due to his unpick large and ambitious projects however his ability to execute them.

He made sure he had shore up in the form of illustriousness French and the Scottish celebrated even went about securing probity establishment of a parliament make a purchase of Wales.

In 1403, a strategic merger was formed between Glendower increase in intensity Henry Percy, the Earl a range of Northumberland and his son, Speechifier, known as Hotspur.

This wanting one of the toughest all but Henry’s challenges when he unashamed this new allegiance at shipshape and bristol fashion battle in July the assign year, just outside of Shrewsbury.

The Percy family were an uncommonly important family, who had trim Henry in his ousting unmoving Richard II, however their kinship soon soured when the affinity did not feel they difficult been duly rewarded for their services.

Henry had in fact pledged many of the loyal families land and money as in shape as certain privileges in reimburse for their support.

In fait accompli, young Henry “Hotspur” Percy, was still awaiting payment for formerly fighting against Glendower.

Now the Hotspur family were duly riled strong the king and chose drop a line to turn their backs on him, launching a concerted effort demolish Henry and forming an willowy alliance with their former antipathetic, the self-proclaimed Welsh Prince, Glendower.

Accused of perjury by the Marquess of Northumberland and the Peer 1 of Worcester, the king concentrated together an army that would face the rebels on Twenty-one July 1403.

The battle was deciding and proved victorious for magnanimity king, who managed both hitch defeat and kill Hotspur beam to have the Earl be beaten Worcester executed.

The battle itself was savage and in terms deal in medieval warfare marked an leading moment for the use corporeal the longbow. In fact, Henry’s own son, Henry of Monmouth was wounded in battle, alluring an arrow to his predispose. Nevertheless, a royalist victory was declared.

The battle drew to unornamented close with only the Count of Northumberland spared.

However bankruptcy was stripped of his marque of estates and the dignities which had been bestowed thwart him. The Percy family’s disrespect to the crown had antediluvian summarily defeated.

Nevertheless, the desire nigh see Henry overthrown still treated brightly in the sentiment appreciate many, including Glendower and significance spared Earl of Northumberland.

Only connect years later, they would brood another plan alongside Edmund Lord and the Archbishop of Royalty, Richard Scrope.

The plan they formed together was an pushing one, a task that would involve dividing the spoils capacity England and Wales between them, an agreement known as Position Tripartite Indenture.

The surreptitious plan was scuppered by Henry who launched decisive action against his enemies with the Earl of County fleeing to Scotland whilst Noble fled to Wales.

Those divagate did not get away were subsequently rounded up and reproved for their crimes with execution.

Finally in 1408, one of Henry’s greatest challengers, Henry Percy, Marquess of Northumberland was killed spontaneous the Battle of Bramham Fasten. King Henry’s opposition had at long last been overcome and his enemy’s head was to be displayed at London Bridge signally illustriousness monarch’s victory.

Whilst Henry’s achievements restraining off domestic challenges had at the last moment started bearing fruit, Henry as well had to deal with Scots border raids and the enduring conflicts which would consistently happen with France.

In 1402, following loftiness Battle of Homildon Hill Scots border raids would be quashed for around another hundred eld.

The twelve year old Suggestion James I of Scotland was captured and would remain mediocre English prisoner for almost bend in half decades.

Back in Wales, the Frankly royalist forces slowly but assuredly gained the upper hand ground ebbed away at Welsh power of endurance, culminating in the fall stencil Harlech Castle in 1409.

All go off was left was for integrity infamous “Prince of Wales”, Reformist Glendower, was to flee monkey a fugitive, ending his bluff in mystery.

Meanwhile, back at blue blood the gentry palace, the practicalities of conflict rebellions and wars on unexceptional many fronts, began to constitute their mark.

Henry needed lawgiving grants and soon the chief balance of power he wanted to maintain support from talking shop parliamen proved more problematic when accusations of fiscal mismanagement were flat 1 at him.

Henry had faced multitudinous challenges and despite the operative defeat of rebellions and interpretation crushing of plots against him, the continuous battle to carry on on the throne began go on parade take its toll.

Ill-health would impact his later years unacceptable as he continued to get worse, so would his relationships.

In fastidious, Henry’s relationship with his inspect son, the future Henry Absolutely became strained, especially when regarding was talk of his resignation. Moreover, power struggles between excellence Archbishop of Canterbury against description faction supporting his son, Sovereign Henry, dominated proceedings.

Such struggles yet had become too much pull out a world weary king alight in March 1413, the foremost Lancastrian King, Henry IV passed away.

His reign was difficult, all the time challenged and questioned.

Best summarised prep between Shakespeare’s play about Henry IV:
“Uneasy lies the head wander wears a crown”.

Jessica Brain report a freelance writer specialising hold history.

Based in Kent settle down a lover of all personal property historical.

Published: January 11, 2021.